Method and apparatus of extracting energy from water waves to generate electric power

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to method and apparatus for extracting energy from water waves to generate electric power. The wave energy converter uses sea wave oscillations, from a land-based position. It understood a land-based power take off apparatus (3) that is oscillated by waves conveyed to it by canal or tunnel. The canal has a funnel shaped intake (1) at the coastline, a wave control gate (9) positioned near the intake and a power take off apparatus (3) positioned inland across the canal with a float (8) that works pumping cylinders (7) that pump hydraulic fluid to turn an impulse turbine (5) coupled to an electricity generator to generate electricity. The canal depth is predetermined to float the float, of the power take off apparatus (3), at all tide levels.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method and apparatus, enabling the extraction of energy from water waves in large open water bodies to generate electric power. The apparatus consists of a floater vessel which is mechanically connected to pump fluid by a hydraulic cylinder as the floater oscillates up and down due to wave action. The fluid pumped by the hydraulic cylinder drives a hydraulic motor or impulse turbine which is coupled to and drives electric generators to produce electric power. A hydraulic fluid reservoir is provided to supply and receive circulated fluid in the system. A hydraulic accumulator is connected in the system to even out output hydraulic pressure fluctuations. These apparatuses may take varied configurations with multiplicity of hydraulic cylinders and multiplicity of hydraulic accumulators within the same operating principles. The apparatus may be erected offshore or on the coastline.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The potential for extracting energy from sea waves is considerable. It is said that worldwide wave power potential is around 2 terawatts. Water waves contain the highest energy density among renewable energy resources. Although much research has gone into the exploitation of this resource, it remains largely untapped. This is largely due to the difficulties posed by the violence of the sea. The irony lies in the fact that a calm sea is not of much use for energy extraction whereas a tumultuous sea offers abundant energy. There have been many publications of inventions for wave energy conversion but few have shown viable operational promise. Problems facing wave energy converters arise mainly from the exposure they have to the elements in and on the sea. These problems run through from installation, operation and onto maintenance. Development of commercially viable power generating converters has been seriously hindered by failure to focus efforts to effectively address these challenges. Further there are serious concerns regarding installation of wave energy converters in the sea. They are perceived to be intrusive and harmful to marine ecology. Wave energy converters installed offshore are regarded as obstacles to shipping and fishing.

Current publications of inventions on wave energy converters disproportionately concentrate on improving power conversion efficiencies when compared to the attention given to addressing how to overcome the hazards associated with the sea. A wave power converter has been developed with multiple float actuator power take off system which is described for instance in patent publications U.S. Pat. No. 7,956,478 Jun. 7, 2011, U.S. Pat. No. 7,694,513 Apr. 13, 2010 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,579,704 Aug. 25, 2009 Per Resen Steenstrup. Whereas the floats are retractable during heavy sea storms, the whole power take off structure still remains vulnerable to battering by strong sea storms. This present invention addresses power take off efficiency and all sea hazard challenges. It offers a simple, affordable and very responsive design.

PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention is to take the sea wave energy extraction process away from the open sea (offshore) and bring it onto land (on-shore) adjacent to the sea, by making use of canals or tunnels. The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention is to maximize wave energy extraction by looping the wave movement in a canal or tunnel back to the power-take-off apparatus in a continuous cycle. The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention is to maximize wave energy extraction by limiting wave energy escape vents at power-take-off points. The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention is to maximize wave energy extraction by capturing long wave fronts and concentrating them into a narrow canal. The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention is to tap a controlled amount of sea wave energy from the sea into the canal when the sea wave activity exceeds tolerable limits. The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention, with the exception of maintenance shut-down periods, is to generate electric power at all times, as long as there is significant wave action in the large open water body. The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention is to shield the power-take-off apparatus from destructive sea waves when the sea wave activity exceeds tolerable limits. The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention is to provide “dry-dock” maintenance conditions for the power-take-off apparatus during major maintenance periods. The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention is to preserve the ecological status quo of marine environment. The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention is to keep sea shipping and fishing lanes clear of wave energy converters. The purpose of the method and apparatus accordant with the present invention is to promote the generation and use of abundant environmentally friendly green electric energy from water waves in seas with minimum controversy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method and apparatus, enabling the extraction of energy from water waves in large open water bodies by utilizing water canals to transport wave energy on less hazardous locations on land to generate electric power.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, electricity generation from water waves in large open water bodies is achieved through a process of tapping wave energy from the sea by trapping a long wave front and concentrating it and the energy contained therein through a funnel shaped canal and channeling it through a canal where a power take off apparatus is positioned to convert the wave energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is used to pressurize hydraulic fluid by means of hydraulic pumping cylinders. The pressurized fluid connects by hydraulic pipes to turn an impulse turbine or hydraulic motor to turn an electricity generator which generates electricity. The residual wave energy that passes beyond the power take off apparatus is channeled back to the front of the power take off apparatus through a loop-back canal to be further extracted for conversion into electricity. This process is repeated in a continuous cycle to provide maximum exploitation of available water wave energy.

The invention also relates to an apparatus for enabling the extraction of energy from water waves in large open water bodies to generate electric power. The apparatus comprises a canal dug on land to connect with the large open water body and leading away from it, a control-gate, a buoyant vessel, a power take off apparatus, two way pumping hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic piping, a large mounting frame assembly for piping and other apparatuses, a hydraulic fluid reservoir, an impulse turbine, an electricity generator.

It is further typical of the apparatus accordant with the invention that the control gate comprises a door or two each being opened or closed using hydraulic actuators with requisite power and controls.

It is further typical of the apparatus accordant with the invention that the control gate comprises a door or two each having an aperture with shutters which can be opened and closed using hydraulic actuators with requisite power and controls.

It is further typical of the apparatus accordant with the invention that the energy extraction from water waves is maximized by means of constrained wave passage at the power take off apparatus whereby the waves are fully restricted between the two canal walls, the canal floor and the base of the buoyant vessel.

It is further typical of the apparatus accordant with the invention that the power-take-off apparatus comprises an axle with gear wheels and geared elongated members or an axle with lever arms and linkage members connected to plain elongated members to act as a lever swiveling back and forth pushing and pulling pistons in hydraulic pumping cylinders.

It is further typical of the apparatus accordant with the invention that the two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders are fitted with hydraulic non-return valves on chambers on both sides of the piston such that the cylinders pressurize in either direction of the pumping stroke.

In one configuration of the apparatus accordant with the invention, the hydraulic system powers an impulse turbine.

In another configuration the apparatus accordant with the invention, the hydraulic system powers a hydraulic motor.

LIST OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 presents a plan view according to one configuration of the elongated trough and a power-take off apparatus accordant with the invention (mountings, support frame and hydraulic piping not shown for purposes of clarity)

FIG. 2 presents a plan view of a spiral-circle alternative path configuration of the canal showing positions of multiple power-take-off apparatuses

FIG. 3 presents a plan view of a circular alternative path configuration of the canal showing positions of multiple power-take-off apparatuses.

FIG. 4 presents a plan view of a figure “8” alternative path configuration of the canal showing positions of multiple power-take-off apparatuses.

FIG. 5 presents an exposed pictorial view of two barrier doors showing apertures, shutter and hydraulic actuators accordant with the invention.

FIG. 6 presents a plan view of canal at the two barrier door position showing the two barrier doors in open position accordant with the invention.

FIG. 7 presents a plan view of canal at the two barrier door position showing the two barrier doors in closed position accordant with the invention

FIG. 8 presents a cross-sectional view of canal showing erosion resistant lining of the side walls and floor accordant with the invention.

FIG. 9 presents a side view of buoyant vessel and power-take-off apparatus accordant with the invention (Mountings, support frame and hydraulic piping not shown for purposes of clarity)

FIG. 10 presents a side view of buoyant vessel and power-take-off apparatus using lever arm member alternative to the gear wheel accordant with the invention (Mountings, support frame and hydraulic piping not shown for purposes of clarity)

FIG. 11 presents a pictorial view of the axle with link arms and gear wheels accordant with the invention

FIG. 12 presents a pictorial view of the axle with link arms and lever arm members alternative accordant with the invention

FIG. 13 presents an assembly sequence of elongated gear toothed member on its elongated guide member and solid bed mounting. The alternative elongated plain member with coupling pin is also shown.

FIG. 14 presents a pictorial view of axle and gear wheel showing a mounting sequence on solid axle mounting across the canal with solid bed mountings for elongated guide members.

FIG. 15 presents a pictorial view of sectioned profiles of gear toothed elongated members in an assembly sequence with hydraulic pumping cylinder (cut-away showing piston and connecting rod)

FIG. 16 presents pictorial view of buoyant vessel (float) with dismounted trailing link aims accordant with the invention.

FIG. 17 presents pictorial view of power-take-off apparatus accordant with the invention (suspended in ‘mid-air.’) (Mountings, support frame and hydraulic piping not shown for purposes of clarity)

FIG. 18 presents a diagram of hydraulic circuit related to mechanical movements of selected parts to show complete functional operation of the invention.

FIG. 19 presents a complete hydraulic circuit accordant with the invention showing the axle and gear wheel related connection and action.

FIG. 20 presents a complete hydraulic circuit accordant with the invention showing the alternative axle and lever arm member related connection and action.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Electric power generation utilizing a canal that taps water-wave energy from a large open water body in accordance with the present invention is achieved by means of a canal or tunnel (parallel sided trough 2) constructed through land and having a ‘V’ shaped mouth (funnel shaped trough 1) opening connecting it to the large open water body. The mouth opening is significantly wider than the general width of the canal or tunnel. The ‘V’ shaped wide mouth which traps and concentrates water waves and energy contained therein, narrows progressively from the connection point at the large open water body, to the width of the canal. The depth of the canal, from the ‘mouth’ all the way around its entire path, is dug or deepened to a predetermined depth which allows enough volume of water, considering the highest and lowest still-water levels of sea tide and highest and lowest movement of the buoyant vessel 8, to freely float it in the parallel sided trough 2. Water from the large open water body is allowed to freely flow to fill the whole funnel shaped trough 1 and parallel sided trough 2 until water levels equalize. Energy contained in water waves, propagating from a large open water body arriving at a coastline where the parallel sided trough 2 connects to the large open water body, is trapped at funnel shaped trough 1 and concentrated into the land based parallel sided trough 2 channeling it away from the large open water body. At the narrowest point of the funnel shaped trough 1, barrier doors 9 are positioned. These barrier doors 9 are kept open throughout all normal operations of the power take off apparatus 3. The barrier doors 9 are closed when the wave action threatens to destroy the power take off apparatus 3. To exploit some of the energy available during destructive wave energy action, apertures 39 with sliding flat plate shutters 40 are built into the gate. Under gradual control, the sliding flat plate shutters 40 are sufficiently opened to maximize wave energy passing into the parallel sided trough 2 without threatening the destruction of the power take off apparatus. In this and normal operation, the energy contained in the waves is channeled through the parallel sided trough 2 to arrive at a position along and within the canal where a buoyant vessel 8 is set. The wave action, in conjunction with the pull of earth's gravity, then causes the buoyant vessel 8 to move up and down. The up and down movement of the buoyant vessel 8 is mechanically linked to the power take off apparatus 3 which in turn translates the motion to turn large gear wheels 12, on an axle 10 mounted across the parallel sided trough 2, which pushes and pulls on pistons 34 in two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 by means of gear toothed elongated member 13. The piston 34 movement pressurizes hydraulic fluid in the two way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 which then drives an impulse turbine 5 which turns an electricity generator 6.

One apparatus accordant with the invention is described in more detail in FIGS. 1, 9, 17 and 18. The figures show one configuration as an example where the apparatus accordant with the invention comprises a single loop parallel sided trough 2, a funnel shaped trough 1 connected to the large open water body, two barrier doors 9 with apertures 39 with flat plate shutters 40 as further detailed in FIG. 5, a buoyant vessel 8 as further detailed in FIG. 16, two elongated trailing link arms 17 as further detailed in FIG. 16, an axle 10 with large gear wheels 12 as further detailed in FIG. 11, gear toothed elongated members 13, elongated guide members 18 for gear toothed elongated member 13, solid bed mountings 20 for elongated guide members, hydraulic fluid filter 42, hydraulic fluid supply reservoir 23, two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 as further detailed in FIG. 15, buttressed mountings 19 for two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7, hydraulic non-return valves 16 as further detailed in FIG. 15, pressurizable hydraulic storage vessels 15, an impulse turbine 5, an electricity generator 6, a voltage step-up transformer 27 with associated generator output control apparatus 28 linked to fluid flow governing sensors and controls 29 at the impulse turbine 5, a hydraulic drain pump 30, a firm frame structure to mount hydraulic conduits and other modules, requisite fasteners and bearings.

From the connection at the coastline the canal is constructed such that the funnel shaped trough 1 has predetermined curved boundary walls 24 for efficient concentration of wave energy into the parallel sided trough 2. The walls and floors of the parallel sided trough 2 are lined with erosion-resistant materials 33. Barrier doors 9 are constructed across the parallel sided trough 2 to shut out or let wave action into the parallel sided trough 2. The barrier doors 9 have in-built apertures 39 covered by a controllable sliding flat plate shutter 40 to allow a controlled amount of wave power to travel through the parallel sided trough 2 when the barrier doors 9 are fully shut, when sea wave activity in the large open water body exceeds tolerable limits. The barrier doors 9, when shut, in conjunction with a hydraulic drain pump 30 that is set to pump water from the parallel sided trough 2 into the large open water body, serve as means to facilitate dry-dock maintenance on power take off apparatus 3. A buoyant vessel 8, forming part of power-take-off apparatus 3 to convert wave energy into machine motion energy, is situated to float in the parallel sided trough 2. A loop-back trough 4 is constructed continuing the parallel sided trough 2 at the back end of the buoyant vessel 8 to reroute residual wave energy back to the front end of the buoyant vessel 8. The front end is the end of the buoyant vessel 8 facing the oncoming wave and the back end is the end where the outgoing wave exits past the buoyant vessel 8 within the parallel sided trough 2. The buoyant vessel 8 has two upright pillars 14 vertically and solidly connected to it. The upright pillars 14 are positioned in such a way that when the buoyant vessel 8 is in the parallel sided trough 2, they are each close to different banks of the parallel sided trough 2. The buoyant vessel 8 is connected and anchored by the two upright pillars 14 which are hinged at or near the top to a pair of elongated trailing link arms 17 who's other ends are hinged to two fixed but different positions on an elongated anchor pin 43, aligned directly above the axis of the axle 10. On the upright pillars 14 of the buoyant vessel 8, at a distance equal to the distance from the top pivot point above the axle 10 to the center-line of the axle 10, measured from the top hinge of the upright pillar 14, the elongated axle arm member 11 of axle 10 is hinged so that the buoyant vessel 8 can float up and down vertically and push and pull the elongated axle arm members 11 that are solidly attached to an axle 10 mounted above and across the parallel sided trough 2. The length between end to end pivot points of the top elongated trailing link arms 17 being equal to the arc radius at pivot points of the elongated axle arm members 11 on the axle 10. Each end of the axle 10 is mounted, in a rotatable manner on a solid axle mounting 25, one on each and opposite bank of the parallel sided trough 2. Each end of the axle 10 has a large gear wheel 12 with gear teeth on its circumference. Four gear toothed elongated members 13 with a predetermined cross section 37 are mounted to horizontally mesh their gear teeth with the gear teeth of the large gear wheels 12 of the axle 10. For each large gear wheel 12, two gear toothed elongated members 13 mesh with it, one on the top side and the other on the bottom side. The length of the geared portion of the elongated member 13 is about one half of the pitch circle circumference of the large gear wheel 12 on the axle 10. Each gear toothed elongated member 13 is supported on an elongated guide member 18 mounted on a solid bed mounting 20 that allows it to slide longitudinally and in the same plane as the large gear wheel 12, whilst restricting it from buckling when the elongated member with gear teeth 13 is under longitudinal compression. The restriction from buckling is achieved by elongated guide members 18. The four gear toothed elongated members 13 are each, at the two ends, connected to connecting rods 26 of pistons 34 of two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7. The two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 are horizontally mounted on the buttressed mountings 19. Each cylinder has the chambers, on both sides of the piston 34, set to pump fluid. Each chamber has an inlet conduit for incoming fluid and an output conduit for pressurized fluid. Hydraulic non-return valves 16 in the inlet and outlet conduits let in and let out hydraulic fluid respectively from the hydraulic fluid supply reservoir 23 and to a pressurizable hydraulic storage vessel 15 and an impulse turbine 5. The pressurizable hydraulic storage vessel 15 is set to store predetermined hydraulic pressure which is released into the system when the hydraulic pressure drops below a predetermined system hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic conduits from the two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 connect to an impulse turbine 5 apparatus with fluid flow governing sensors and controls 29 for the pressurized hydraulic fluid. The fluid expelled at the impulse turbine 5 is rerouted by conduits back into the hydraulic fluid supply reservoir 23 through a hydraulic fluid filter 42. The impulse turbine 5 is coupled to turn an electricity generator 6. The electricity generator 6 output power is regulated through generator output control apparatus 28, and voltage stepped up for transmission to a power grid through a voltage step-up transformer 27.

The invention is not restricted to the example configurations presented above; many modifications are possible while remaining within the framework of the concept of the invention as specified in the claims.

PARTS REFERENCE

1 Funnel shaped trough 2 Parallel sided trough 3 Power take off apparatus 4 Loop-back trough 5 Impulse turbine 6 Electricity generator 7 Two way pumping hydraulic cylinder 8 Buoyant vessel 9 Barrier doors 10 Axle on power take off apparatus 11 Elongated axle arm members 12 Gear wheels on axle 13 Gear toothed elongated members 14 Upright pillars for buoyant vessel 15 Pressurizable hydraulic storage vessels 16 Hydraulic non-return valves 17 Elongated trailing link arms 18 Elongated guide members 19 Buttressed mounting for pumping cylinder 20 Solid bed mounting 21 Dyke walls 22 Skate plate of buoyant vessel 23 Hydraulic fluid supply reservoir 24 Curved boundary walls 25 Solid axle mounting 26 Connecting rod for pumping cylinder. 27 Voltage step-up transformer. 28 Output control apparatus for generator, 29 Fluid flow governing sensors. 30 Hydraulic drain pump 31 Internal floor angle on two barrier doors 32 Hydraulic cylinder actuator for barrier gate 33 Erosion resistant lining 34 Piston for hydraulic cylinder 35 36 37 Predetermined cross-section for gear toothed elongated member 38 Curved outer surface of barrier door 39 Apertures for wave motion control 40 Sliding flat plate shutter 41 Hydraulic cylinder actuator for shutter 42 Hydraulic fluid filter 43 Elongated anchor pin 122 Lever arm members 132 Plain elongated members 133 Elongated connecting member 134 Coupling pin 

1. A method of extracting energy from water waves in a large open water body to generate electric power characterized by the following steps: a. excavating, to predetermined depths, connected stages of three land based troughs, funnel shaped trough 1, parallel sided trough 2, and loop-back trough 4 forming a continuous vertical walled trough on land leading away from said large open water body whereby water from said large open water body is allowed to flow into said continuous vertical walled parallel sided trough 2 until water levels equalize more or less all-around said parallel sided trough 2, b. capturing, as often as it occurs, a substantially long water wave front propagating from said large open water body towards a shoreline meeting said parallel sided trough 2, funnel shaped trough 1 connected to parallel sided trough
 2. c. concentrating said water wave front into a funnel shaped trough 1 filled with water and excavated in the land adjacent to and substantially connected to said large open water body and narrowing in the direction away from said open water body, d. controlling wave action and energy exiting said funnel shaped trough 1 entering a relatively narrow parallel sided trough 2 by regulating or shutting off water wave activity, e. channeling wave motion into and through said parallel sided trough 2 wherein is situated a buoyant vessel 8 which is a means of transferring wave motion energy to power take off apparatus 3, f. transferring wave motion energy from said water waves in said parallel sided trough 2 by said buoyant vessel 8 connected to power take off apparatus 3 which is a means of drawing and forcing hydraulic fluid through a cyclic network of hydraulic conduits assisted by pressurizable hydraulic storage vessels 15 whereby said forced hydraulic fluid impinges on and turns an impulse turbine 5 which is a means of rotating an electricity generator 6 to generate electric power, g. routing said parallel sided trough 2 beyond position of said buoyant vessel 8 in a more or less circular path making loop-back trough 4 leading back to said buoyant vessel 8 which is a means to extract residual wave motion energy.
 2. A method according to claim 1 characterized in that the controlling of the flow of water wave action at the entrance to said parallel sided trough 2 is achieved by means of two barrier doors 9 hinged each on vertical wall of said parallel sided trough 2 and opposite each other and making a more or less water tight seal when closed, said two barrier doors 9 having one aperture 39 each which is a means to allow a controlled amount of wave action into said parallel sided trough
 2. 3. A method according to claim 2 characterized in that a controlled amount of wave action and energy from said wave front is regulated by means of sliding flat plate shutters 40 covering said apertures 39 in said two barrier doors
 9. 4. A method according to claim 1 characterized in that continuous land based said parallel sided trough 2 is excavated to predetermined depth to float said buoyant vessel 8 considering the highest and lowest still water levels of tide in said large open water body and highest and lowest movement of said buoyant vessel 8 to freely float it in said parallel sided trough
 2. 5. An apparatus for tapping water wave energy from a large open water body through a land based parallel sided trough 2 system excavated on land adjacent to said large open water body and converting the contained wave energy into electric energy comprising: land excavated funnel shaped trough 1 which is a means to trap and concentrate wave energy, two dyke walls 21, two barrier doors 9 with said apertures 39 closed by sliding flat plate shutters 40 with an associated powering and control system, as a means to control wave movement and contained energy, two hydraulic cylinder actuators 32 with an associated powering and control system which is a means to open and close said two barrier doors 9, a land based excavated parallel sided trough 2 tracing a circular, spiral or 8-shaped path, a buoyant vessel 8, a power take off apparatus 3, fresh water as a working hydraulic fluid, two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7, hydraulic conduits, pressurizable hydraulic storage vessels 15, hydraulic non-return valves 16, hydraulic fluid filter 42, hydraulic fluid supply reservoir 23, an impulse turbine 5, fluid flow governing sensors and controls 29 for said impulse turbine 5, an electricity generator 6, a voltage step up transformer 27 with associated generator output control apparatus 28, a stable structurally stiff framework assembly, a hydraulic drain pump 30 with requisite power and controls, fasteners, brackets, bearings, electrical gauges, conductors and switches.
 6. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said funnel shaped trough 1 is connected at its wide end to said large open water body at a coastline and, on its narrow end, connected to said parallel sided trough
 2. 7. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said funnel shaped trough 1 is lined with erosion resistant materials 33 for the floor and side walls.
 8. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said funnel shaped trough 1 has predetermined curved boundary walls 24 for efficient concentration of wave energy into said parallel sided trough
 2. 9. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said two barrier doors 9 are situated at narrow end of said funnel shaped trough 1 before the position of said buoyant vessel 8 in said parallel sided trough
 2. 10. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said barrier doors 9 are each hinged on opposite vertical walls of said parallel sided trough
 2. 11. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that when said two barrier doors' 9 free vertical edges meet to close, they make an internal floor angle 31 between 90° and 180° but substantially less than 180°.
 12. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that connecting rods of said two hydraulic cylinder actuators 32 are each rotatably fixed to the curved surface of each barrier door 9 whilst the other end of hydraulic cylinder actuator 32 body is rotatably anchored to appropriate bank of said parallel sided trough
 2. 13. An apparatus according to claim 12 characterized in that said hydraulic cylinder actuator 32 is powered and controlled by an associated powering and control system
 14. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that the outer surfaces 38 of said two barrier doors 9 are curved outwards, a means to improve structural strength of said doors to withstand forces from oncoming water waves.
 15. An apparatus according to claim 10 characterized in that said two barrier doors 9 have each an aperture 39 inset covered by a sliding flat plate shutter 40 in horizontal grooves below and above it which are welded to each said barrier door
 9. 16. An apparatus according to claim 15 characterized in that said sliding flat plate shutter 40 is closed or opened by hydraulic cylinder actuator
 41. 17. An apparatus according to claim 16 characterized in that connecting rods of said two hydraulic cylinder actuators 41 are each rotatably fixed to the front surface of each sliding flat plate shutter 40 whilst the other end of hydraulic cylinder actuator body 41 is rotatably anchored to appropriate curved surface of each said barrier door
 9. 18. An apparatus according to claim 16 characterized in that said hydraulic cylinder actuator 41 is powered and controlled with an associated powering and control system
 19. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that on each side of the said excavated parallel sided trough 2 at roughly horizontally perpendicular to the same said parallel sided trough 2, at said two barrier door 9 position, a dyke wall 21 is erected as means of shielding power take off apparatus against destructive waves.
 20. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said parallel sided trough 2, including loop-back trough 4 leading to said buoyant vessel 8, is lined with erosion resistant materials 33 on the floor and side walls.
 21. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said parallel sided trough 2, including loop-back trough 4 leading to said buoyant vessel 8 has capacity to accommodate water wave based power take off apparatuses of current publications.
 22. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said buoyant vessel 8 is a hollow, covered, internally reinforced enclosure whose width is slightly less than the width of said parallel sided trough
 2. 23. An apparatus according to claim 22 characterized in that said buoyant vessel 8 has two upright pillars 14 as a means to rotatably couple said buoyant vessel 8 to said power take off apparatus
 3. 24. An apparatus according to claim 22 characterized in that said two upright pillars 14 on said buoyant vessel 8 have, each, two coupling points a means to right buoyant vessel 8 as it floats in said parallel sided trough
 2. 25. An apparatus according to claim 22 characterized in that said buoyant vessel 8 has a skate plate 22 as a means for said buoyant vessel 8 to ride approaching high waves.
 26. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said buoyant vessel 8 is situated to float in said parallel sided trough
 2. 27. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said power take off apparatus 3 comprises: an axle 10 with two large gear wheels 12 one at each end, elongated axle arm members 11 solidly attached to said axle 10, two elongated trailing link arms 17, when two large gear wheels 12 are not used on axle 10, two lever arm members 122 are solidly fixed on each end on axle 10, pair of solid axle mountings 25 well anchored into the ground one on each bank of said parallel sided trough 2, four gear toothed elongated members 13 with a predetermined cross section 37 and with coupling holes on both ends, four plain elongated members 132 with a predetermined cross section and coupling holes on both ends and a coupling pin 134 between the ends when lever arm members 122 are used, four elongated connecting members 133, eight two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 each having its connecting rod 26 coupled to one end of said gear toothed elongated member 13 or plain elongated member 132 when lever arm members 122 are used, hydraulic non-return valves 16, said hydraulic conduits, elongated anchor pin 43, firm support frame for upper gear toothed elongated members 13, two elongated guide members 18 for upper gear toothed elongated members 13, solid bed mountings 20 for lower gear toothed elongated member 13, another two elongated guide members 18 for lower gear toothed elongated members 13, eight buttressed mountings 19 for said two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders
 7. 28. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said axle 10 is solidly attached to two large gear wheels 12 each at each end of said axle
 10. 29. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said axle 10 is solidly attached to said two lever arm members 122 each at each end of said axle 10 when two said large gear wheels 12 are not used.
 30. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said elongated connecting members 133 are each rotatably connected—one end on said lever arm members 122 and the other end rotatably connected to said plain elongated member 132 at said coupling pin 134 when lever arm members 122 are used.
 31. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said axle 10 is rotatably mounted horizontally on its ends perpendicular across and above said parallel sided trough 2 on said solid axle mountings 25 fixed and well anchored into the ground.
 32. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said two upright pillars 14 attached to said buoyant vessel 8 are connected rotatably to said axle 10 by said elongated axle arm member 11, and said elongated trailing link arms 17 whose other ends are connected to freely rotate about said elongated anchor pin 43 fixed vertically above the axis of said axle
 10. 33. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said four gear toothed elongated members 13 are mounted horizontally, one above and one below each large gear wheel 12 coplanar and meshing with same said large gear wheels
 12. 34. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that when lever arm members 122 are used, said four plain elongated members 132 are mounted horizontally, two connecting pumping cylinders above axle 10 and the other two connecting pumping cylinders below axle 10
 35. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said gear toothed elongated members 13 are slidably mounted on said elongated guide members 18 fixed on said mountings above and on the ground in said firm support frame and said solid bed mountings 20 respectively thereby preventing buckling when said gear toothed elongated members 13 are under longitudinal compression or experiencing radial pressure from said large gear wheels
 12. 36. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said elongated members 13 are slidably mounted on said elongated guide members 18 fixed on said mountings above and on the ground in said firm support frame and said solid bed mountings 20 respectively thereby preventing buckling when said plain elongated members 132 are under linear compression from said elongated connecting members
 133. 37. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said gear toothed elongated members 13 have gear teeth cut on one face for a length approximately one half of said large gear wheel 12 pitch circle circumference.
 38. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 are fixed on said buttressed mountings 19 and coupled via connecting rods 26 coplanar and in alignment to said gear toothed elongated member 13 or plain elongated member 132 when lever arm members 122 are used.
 39. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that two said hydraulic non-return valves 16 are connected to said two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 to chambers on each side of the piston 34 therein, such that one said hydraulic non-return valves 16 only allows fluid in and the other only allows fluid to exit the chamber.
 40. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said pressurizable hydraulic storage vessels 15 are connected by a T joint to said two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 at their output ports through said hydraulic non-return valves
 16. 41. An apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 are connected by a network of hydraulic conduits to each other through said hydraulic non-return valves 16 and after the connection to pressurizable hydraulic storage vessels 15, in such a way that in any given stroke of the piston 34, the chambers that are pressurizing connect to a common output and chambers that are drawing connect to a common fluid input.
 42. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said network of hydraulic conduits common output conduit from pressurizable hydraulic storage vessels 15 connects to said impulse turbine
 5. 43. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said impulse turbine 5 is mounted at a higher elevation than all said two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 and said hydraulic fluid supply reservoir 23 as a means to supply said two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders 7 with hydraulic fluid by earth's gravity.
 44. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said impulse turbine 5 has said fluid flow governing sensors and controls
 29. 45. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said impulse turbine 5 is coupled coaxially or otherwise to turn said electricity generator
 6. 46. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said electricity generator 6 is electrically connected to said voltage step-up transformer 27 and said generator output control apparatus
 28. 47. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said generator output control apparatus 28 are electrically connected to said fluid flow governing sensors and controls 29 at impulse turbine 5 thereby supplying necessary fluid flow control data for said impulse turbine
 5. 48. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said hydraulic fluid from said impulse turbine 5 is drained to said hydraulic fluid supply reservoir 23 though said hydraulic fluid filter
 42. 49. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said hydraulic fluid supply reservoir 23 connects, from its bottom, by hydraulic conduits in said hydraulic conduit network to said hydraulic non-return valves 16 at intake part of said two-way pumping hydraulic cylinders
 7. 50. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said stable structurally stiff framework assembly supports said hydraulic conduit network and other fixed anchor points like elongated anchor pin 43 for said elongated trailing link arms
 17. 51. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said power take off apparatus 3 moving links and gear meshing parts are lubricated by biodegradable grease or biodegradable oil as appropriate.
 52. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said power take off apparatus 3 moving links and gear meshing parts are lubricated by grease derived from petroleum or oil derived from petroleum as working fluid as may be appropriate.
 53. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said hydraulic cylinder actuators 32, 41 operating barrier doors 9 and sliding flat plate shutter 40 respectively use hydraulic biodegradable oil as working fluid.
 54. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said hydraulic cylinder actuators 32, 41 operating barrier doors 9 and sliding flat plate shutter 40 respectively use hydraulic oil derived from petroleum as working fluid.
 55. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said power take off apparatus 3 is appropriately assembled to said stiff structure using said fasteners, said brackets and said bearings.
 56. An apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that said hydraulic drain pump 30 is installed close to said barrier doors 9 as a means of draining water from said parallel sided trough 2 into said large open water body when dry-dock maintenance needs to be carried out on said buoyant vessel 8 and said power take off apparatus
 3. 57. An apparatus according to claim 56 characterized in that said hydraulic drain pump 30 is connected to requisite power and controls. 